The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) (, , ), is a United States federal statute enacted April 11, 1965. It was passed as a part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's "War on Poverty" and has been the most far-reaching federal legislation affecting education ever passed by Congress. The act is an extensive statute that funds primary and secondary education, while explicitly forbidding the establishment of a national curriculum. It also emphasizes equal access to education and establishes high standards and accountability. In addition, the bill aims to shorten the achievement gaps between students by providing each child with fair and equal opportunities to achieve an exceptional education. As mandated in the act, the funds are authorized for professional development, instructional materials, for resources to support educational programs, and for parental involvement promotion. The act was originally authorized through 1970; however, the government has reauthorized the act every five years since its enactment. The current reauthorization of ESEA is the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, named and proposed by President George W. Bush. The ESEA also allows military recruiters access to 11th and 12th grade students' names, addresses, and telephone listings when requested.

Sections of the Original 1965 Law

Title I—Financial Assistance To Local Educational Agencies For The Education Of Children Of Low-Income Families Title II—School Library Resources, Textbooks, and other Instructional Materials Title III—Supplementary Educational Centers and Services Title IV—Educational Research And Training Title V—Grants To Strengthen State Departments Of Education Title VI—General Provisions

New Titles Created by Early Amendments to 1965 Law

;1966 amendments (Public Law 89-750)

Title VI - Aid to Handicapped Children (1965 title VI becomes Title VII)

;1967 amendments (Public Law 90-247)

Title VII - Bilingual Education Programs (1966 title VII becomes Title VIII)

Title I

Title I ("Title One") of the act is a set of programs set up by the United States Department of Education to distribute funding to schools and school districts with a high percentage of students from low-income families. This section also helps children from families that have migrated to the United States, youth from intervention programs, that are neglected or at risk of abuse. The act appropriates money for education purposes for the next five fiscal years. In addition, Title I appropriates money for the education system for prevention of dropouts and the improvement of school. These appropriations are also carried out for the next five fiscal years.

To qualify as a Title I school, a school typically has around 40% or more of its students come from families who qualify under the United States Census's definitions as low-income, according to the U.S. Department of Education. Title I states that it gives priority to schools that are in obvious needs of funds, low-achieving schools, and schools that demonstrate a commitment to improving their education standards and test scores.

Assistance for school improvement includes government grants, allocations, and reallocations based on the school's willingness to commit to improving their standing in the educational system. Each educational institution requesting these grants must submit an application that describes how these funds will be used in restructuring their agency for academic improvement.

Schools receiving Title I funding are regulated by federal legislation, including the No Child Left Behind Act.

Title I funds may be used for children from preschool through high school, but most of the students served (65%) are in grades 1 through 6; another 12% are in preschool and kindergarten programs.

Title III

Title III of ESEA originally provided matching grants for supplementary education centers (''Political Education'', Cross 2004).

Title III was the innovations component of ESEA. It was, for its time, the greatest federal investment in education innovation ever. Its best innovations, after validation, became part of the National Diffusion Network.

Title V

This section of the original ESEA provided for strengthening state departments of education (''Political Education'', Cross 2004). The original Title V was amended to state the purposes of education reform efforts between local and state educational systems. Title V states that the government should endorse and support local education reforms that parallel reforms occurring at the state level. Parts of this section also state that the government should support innovative programs that help to improve an educational system. This includes support programs for libraries, scientific research leading to state and local educational agencies to put promising reforms into place, as well as for programs to improve teacher performance.

Title V also provides government grants given to educational institutions appropriating money to gifted programs for students, foreign language programs, as well as physical education, the arts, and overall mental health of children and students.

Title VII

Added during the 1967 reauthorization of ESEA, Title VII introduced a program for bilingual education. It was championed by Texas Democrat Ralph Yarborough (''Political Education'', Cross 2004). In addition to programs for bilingual students, Title VII implemented plans to help Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaskan natives be provided opportunities for achieving academic equality. These plans included the federal government helping local educational agencies to provide programs for these students, ensuring these children a quality education while maintaining cultural values unique to them.

This section of the ESEA promotes the federal government working closely with local educational institutions to ensure that Indian, Hawaiian, and Alaskan students are being aided in getting the same educational experiences as all other students. This is achieved through programs that keep cultural values intact and push students to strive for academic excellence.

It is worth noting that Title VII was replaced in the most recent reauthorization of the ESEA, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, and is now Title III “Language Instruction for Limited English Proficient and Immigrant Students.”

Recent Reauthorizations

Recent reauthorizations of the act includes:

Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981

Improving America's Schools Act of 1994

No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

See also

Little School of the 400

Federal Impact Aid

School Improvement Grant

External links

Copy of the Original Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, (P.L. 89-10; 79 Stat. 27), Federal Education Policy History website.

Resource Page About Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, si.unm.edu

http://www.ed.gov/programs/titleiparta/index.html Title I, Part A Program

Copy of updated Elementary and Secondary Education Act U.S. Department of Education website

References

Category:1965 in law Category:89th United States Congress Category:Great Society programs Category:United States federal education legislation Category:Legal articles without infoboxes Category:1965 in education

Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
name	Nico Rosberg
nationality	German
birth date	June 27, 1985
2011 team	Mercedes GP
2011 car number	8
races	101
championships	0
wins	0
podiums	5
points	273.5
poles	0
fastest laps	2
first race	2006 Bahrain Grand Prix
last race
last season	2010
last position	7th (142 pts) }}

Nico Erik Rosberg (born 27 June 1985 in Wiesbaden, West Germany) is a racing driver for the Mercedes GP Formula One team. He races under the German flag in Formula One, although he competed for Finland earlier in his career. He holds dual nationality of these two countries.

Rosberg won the 2005 GP2 Series for the ART team, having raced in Formula Three Euroseries previously for his father's team.

For the 2010 Formula One season, Rosberg joined the re-branded Mercedes team, formed by Mercedes' takeover of 2009 constructors' champions Brawn GP.

Early and personal life

The son of Finnish Formula One World Champion Keke Rosberg and his German wife Sina, Nico spent much of his youth in Monaco with his family, and still lives in the principality. Rosberg speaks fluent German, English, Italian, Spanish and French; but only a little Finnish, though he is learning the language. In lower formulae drivers race under the nationality of the country that issued their racing licence. Rosberg competed under the Finnish and German flags at different times during his early career. In Formula One, as for all FIA world championships, a driver's nationality is defined by his passport. Rosberg races under the German flag in Formula One.

Career

1996–2004: Junior Formulae

Rosberg started out in karting in 1996, at the age of eleven, before moving up to German Formula BMW in 2002, where he won the title. His performances resulted in a move to drive for his father's team in Formula Three Euroseries, a combination of the several national Formula Three championships that had existed prior to its formation. Rosberg did well there, and stayed on for 2004. In early 2004, he got one of his first tastes of Formula One by doing a test session with Williams.

2005: GP2 – ART Grand Prix

Offered a place on the Aeronautical Engineering course at Imperial College London; Rosberg declined and in 2005 joined the ART Grand Prix team in the newly created GP2 Series. He went on to become the first driver to win the GP2 title

Formula One

2006–2009: Williams

2006

In late 2005, Rosberg was officially confirmed as a Williams driver for the 2006 season. In the ''Engineering Aptitude Test'', administered to all new Williams drivers, Rosberg achieved the highest score in the team's history. In the first Formula One race of his young career in Bahrain, Rosberg was driving a car which was not considered competitive enough to get to the podium. and also had to fight his way through the field after losing his nose cone on the first lap. Nonetheless, he finished in the points, seventh behind teammate Mark Webber, and recorded the fastest lap, becoming the youngest driver to do so in F1 history. Following this he was linked with a move to teams such as McLaren.

He qualified third at the next round Malaysia, but his Cosworth engine, on its second mandatory race, blew up after only seven laps. Rosberg did get into the points for the second time in the 2006 season at the European Grand Prix, benefiting from the hydraulic failure of his teammate.

The rest of the 2006 season went less well for Rosberg; he retired in four of the next seven Grand Prix, and in the ones he did finish he was outside the points. His closest attempt to get into the points was in Britain, where he was just one second behind eighth placed Jacques Villeneuve. Rosberg scored a total of four points, three less than teammate Webber, over the course of what was a disappointing season for both himself and for the Williams team.

2007

Williams brought in new Toyota engines for , along with a new team-mate, Alexander Wurz. Rosberg's old team-mate, Mark Webber, had moved to partner David Coulthard at Red Bull Racing. Initially, the Toyota powered FW29 showed potential in the pre-season test sessions. However, Rosberg remained realistic: "in F1 you cannot normally just jump back to the front [of the grid] from one year to the next".

In 2007, Rosberg finished in the points seven times, including a career best fourth at the season-ending Brazilian Grand Prix. He also placed seventh in the Australian, Hungarian and Turkish Grands Prix and came home sixth at the Italian and Belgian Grands Prix. At the Canadian Grand Prix, Rosberg qualified seventh and moved up two places from the start:

"Early in the race I thought I was set for a good result because I was running fifth and the car felt really good, but then the Safety Car came out on lap 21... I had to stop for fuel on lap 23, which meant I missed the re-fuelling window by 13 seconds and that effectively ended my race. New rules punish people who pit immediately after the Safety Car comes out, so I was given a 10s stop-go penalty and all I could manage after that was 10th place."

He suffered only three retirements during 2007; hydraulic failure 14 laps from home in Malaysia and an oil leak at the US Grand Prix five laps from the finish (although classified 16th), where he was on course for sixth place. He had started the race 14th having "glazed" his brakes during qualifying, therefore damaging his confidence. An electronics glitch also put him out of the Japanese Grand Prix.

During the first half of 2007 season, Rosberg saw his teammate Alexander Wurz score more points, but later in the season Rosberg passed Wurz in world championship points, eventually more than quadrupling his 2006 points haul with 20 points.

2008

Rosberg secured the first podium finish of his career with a strong drive to third place at the 2008 Australian Grand Prix. However, the remainder of the season was more of a struggle. He was given a 10 place grid penalty for the French Grand Prix, as a result of crashing into the back of Lewis Hamilton in the pit lane at the Canadian Grand Prix, despite only his race being affected by the incident as Hamilton and Kimi Räikkönen were already eliminated.

In September he finished second to Fernando Alonso in the floodlit Singapore Grand Prix after leading a Grand Prix for the first time in his career. This result was despite incurring a 10-second stop-go penalty for pitting while the pitlane was closed immediately after the deployment of the safety car. However, as what appeared to be a simple administrative formality took ten laps to issue, and the slow car of Giancarlo Fisichella was between Rosberg and the next competitive car during those laps, he did not lose much time and rejoined fifth, whereas Robert Kubica dropped from fourth to last on the same penalty for the same offence.

2009

Rosberg had a solid season in 2009, scoring points at almost every race and also consistently qualifying in the top ten. He opened the season with a solid 6th place in Melbourne, before fading somewhat in the next three races. From China onwards however, he has only improved, finishing 8th, then 6th, then 5th twice. At his home race in Germany, he put in arguably the best drive of his career, when he overcame fuel problems to climb from 15th on the grid and finish 4th ahead of championship leader Jenson Button. He then followed this up with another 4th place in the Hungarian Grand Prix and 5th in the European Grand Prix. Despite scoring a point in the Belgian Grand Prix, Rosberg's effort to score points at every race in the European season was ended by a lack of pace at Monza. Despite this, Rosberg returned to competitiveness at the 2009 Singapore Grand Prix by qualifying 3rd and putting in the fastest lap of the weekend in Q2 (1:46.197). Despite overtaking Sebastian Vettel off the line, and being on course for 2nd place or even a maiden victory, Rosberg undid all his good work by crossing the white line out of his first pit stop and incurring a drive-through penalty just in time for the safety car. With the field bunched, he dropped to the back, effectively ruining his race. Rosberg apologised to the team afterward, calling his mistake 'silly' and 'stupid'. Rosberg managed to claim 5th place at the Japanese Grand Prix after qualifying 11th and starting in P7 on a good strategy after a number of grid penalties. Soon after the race Jenson Button reported Rosberg to race stewards for speeding under yellow flag conditions, but Rosberg was cleared after stewards discovered that his dashboard display was only showing that he had low fuel. This bagged Rosberg 4 points, putting him in 7th place in the Drivers Championship with 34.5 points and Williams 6th in the constructors. Rosberg scored every point for the Williams team during the 2009 season.

2010–: Mercedes GP

2010

On 29 October 2009 Rosberg announced he was leaving the Williams team at the end of the season. He commented that Williams "have really supported my career over the years and I'd like to say a big thank you to them. However, I'm not sure they can win races at the moment and I would like to". On November 16, 2009, Brawn GP was bought by Mercedes and re-branded as Mercedes GP for the 2010 Formula One season. On November 23, 2009, Rosberg was announced as the team's first driver. On December 23, 2009, Michael Schumacher was announced as Rosberg's team-mate, and was given Rosberg's car number (3) because of superstitious reasons. Despite much hype concerning Schumacher's comeback, Rosberg has currently managed to successfully out-qualify and out-race his team mate at most races. In Malaysia, Rosberg achieved his first front row grid start, having qualified second in a qualifying session disrupted by rain; again out-qualifying Schumacher. He eventually finished third in the race; Mercedes' first podium as a works team since their comeback. His third place at the provided Rosberg with his second podium in succession, and he momentarily moved into second place in the drivers' standings.

He finished seventh at Monaco, fifth in Turkey and sixth in Canada, but only tenth in the . However, in the , Rosberg managed a podium finish in third place by holding off Alonso and then Button. But at the , Mercedes were once again off the pace, and Rosberg could only finish eighth, ahead of teammate Schumacher. Hungary looked more promising, but he lost a wheel while exiting his pit stop and was forced to retire from a point-scoring position. His race at Spa was more successful, and a race-long duel with Schumacher left Rosberg narrowly ahead of his team mate in sixth. The yielded another consistent finish in fifth, achieved mainly by passing both Red Bulls at the start, and took another fifth place finish in Singapore.

However, he was hit by bad luck in Japan, when under pressure from Schumacher, a wheel detached itself from his car and put Rosberg into the wall. At the inaugural he was even more unfortunate, when while running a strong fourth, he retired from the race after being collected by Mark Webber. Webber had spun into the wall and momentum took him back onto the racing line and left Rosberg with nowhere to go and the two collided. The race at Interlagos was more positive, with Rosberg finishing sixth, despite three pit stops, two of which were taken under safety car conditions which minimised a loss of track position. The following week in Abu Dhabi, Rosberg again pitted under the safety car and this allowed him to finish fourth, a result that secured him seventh in the Drivers' Championship. Rosberg finished 16 of the season's 19 races, of which 15 were points-scoring finishes.

2011

The new Mercedes MGP W02 proved to be very fast in winter testing. In Australia, Rosberg showed his speed until retiring due to a collision with Barrichello. In Malaysia, Rosberg started 9th and finished 12th, meaning that for the first time in his career he failed to score a single point in the opening two races of a season. Rosberg took his first points finish of the season in China, having qualified fourth and finishing fifth, as well as leading fourteen laps during the race. Rosberg also praised the newly-introduced Drag Reduction System, stating that it could turn out to be one of the best rules in Formula One history.

Records and achievements

Youngest driver to set the fastest lap: 20 years, 258 days in 2006 Bahrain Grand Prix

Scored first podium for Mercedes GP Petronas at the 2010 Malaysian Grand Prix

Most points without a win in 2011 German Grand Prix

Racing record

Career summary

! Season	! Series	! Team	! Races	! Wins	! Poles	! F/Laps	! Podiums	! Points	! Position
! 2001			3	0	0	0	0	38	18th
! 2002	align=left	align=left	20	5	9	1	13	264
2003	align=left		20	1	1	2	5	45	8th
	align=left	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	NC
			1	0	0	0	0	N/A	NC
	align=left	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	11th
2004	align=left		19	3	2	2	5	70	4th
		1	0	0	0	0	N/A	NC
	align=left	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	6th
	align=left	1	0	0	0	1	N/A
! 2005	align=left		23	5	4	5	12	120
! 2006	align=left	align=left	18	0	0	1	0	4	17th
! 2007	align=left	align=left	17	0	0	0	0	20	9th
! 2008	align=left	align=left	18	0	0	0	2	17	13th
! 2009	align=left	align=left	17	0	0	1	0	34.5	7th
! 2010	align=left		19	0	0	0	3	142	7th
! 2011	align=left		12	0	0	0	0	56*	7th*

Season in progress.

Complete Formula Three Euroseries results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)

! Year

! Entrant

! Chassis

! Engine

! 1

! 2

! 3

! 4

! 5

! 6

! 7

! 8

! 9

! 10

! 11

! 12

! 13

! 14

! 15

! 16

! 17

! 18

! 19

! 20

! DC

! Points

! Team Rosberg

! Dallara F303/005

Opel>Spiess-Opel

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! 8th

! 45

! Team Rosberg

! Dallara F303/006

! Spiess-Opel

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! 4th

! 70

Complete GP2 Series results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)

! Year

! Entrant

! 1

! 2

! 3

! 4

! 5

! 6

! 7

! 8

! 9

! 10

! 11

! 12

! 13

! 14

! 15

! 16

! 17

! 18

! 19

! 20

! 21

! 22

! 23

! DC

! Points

! ART Grand Prix

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Complete Formula One results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)

! Year

! Entrant

! Chassis

! Engine

! 1

! 2

! 3

! 4

! 5

! 6

! 7

! 8

! 9

! 10

! 11

! 12

! 13

! 14

! 15

! 16

! 17

! 18

! 19

! WDC

List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems>Points

WilliamsF1>WilliamsF1 Team

! WilliamsF1

CA2006 2.4 V8 engine>V8

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! 17th

! 4

AT&T WilliamsF1>Williams

!

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! 9th

! 20

WilliamsF1

! [[Toyota F1

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! 9th

! 20

WilliamsF1>Williams

!

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! 13th

! 17

WilliamsF1

! [[Toyota F1

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! 13th

! 17

WilliamsF1>Williams

!

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! 7th

! 34.5

! [[Mercedes GP">WilliamsF1

! [[Toyota F1

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! 7th

! 34.5

! [[Mercedes GP Petronas F1 Team

! Mercedes GP

! [[Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines

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! 7th

! 142

! [[Mercedes GP Petronas F1 Team

! Nico Rosberg official website Profile – from Mercedes GP official website Profile and statistics Racing career [[Category:1985 births">Mercedes GP

! [[Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines

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! 7th*

! 56*

Season in progress. Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance completed.

References

External links

Nico Rosberg official website

Profile – from Mercedes GP official website

Profile and statistics

Racing career

[[Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:People from Wiesbaden Category:German racecar drivers Category:Finnish racecar drivers Category:German Formula One drivers Category:Williams Formula One drivers Category:GP2 Series drivers Category:GP2 Series Champions Category:Formula Three Euroseries drivers Category:Formula BMW ADAC drivers Category:CIK-FIA Karting World Championship drivers

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Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
name	Michael Schumacher
nationality	German
birth date	January 03, 1969
2011 car number	7
2011 team	Mercedes GP
races	281 (280 starts)
championships	7 (, , , , , , )
wins	91
podiums	154
poles	68
fastest laps	76
first race	1991 Belgian Grand Prix
first win	1992 Belgian Grand Prix
last win	2006 Chinese Grand Prix
last race
last season	2010
last position	9th (72 pts)
points	1,483 }}

Michael Schumacher (; born 3 January 1969) is a German Formula One racing driver for the Mercedes GP team. Famous for his eleven-year spell with Ferrari, Schumacher is a seven-time World Champion and is widely regarded as one of the greatest F1 drivers of all time. He holds many of the formula's driver records, including most championships, race victories, fastest laps, pole positions, points scored and most races won in a single season – 13 in 2004. In 2002 he became the only driver in Formula One history to finish in the top three in every race of a season and then also broke the record for most consecutive podium finishes.

After beginning with karting, Schumacher won German drivers' championships in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship. After one Mercedes-funded race for the Jordan Formula One team Schumacher signed as a driver for the Benetton Formula One team in 1991. After winning consecutive championships with Benetton in 1994/5, Schumacher moved to Ferrari in 1996 and won another five consecutive drivers' titles with them from 2000–2004. Schumacher retired from Formula One driving in 2006 staying with Ferrari as an advisor. Schumacher agreed to return for Ferrari part-way through 2009, as cover for the badly injured Felipe Massa, but was prevented by a neck injury. He later signed a 3-year contract to drive for the new Mercedes GP team starting in .

His career has not been without controversy, including being twice involved in collisions in the final race of a season that determined the outcome of the world championship, with Damon Hill in 1994 in Adelaide, and with Jacques Villeneuve in 1997 in Jerez.

Off the track Schumacher is an ambassador for UNESCO and a spokesman for driver safety. He has been involved in numerous humanitarian efforts throughout his life and donated tens of millions of dollars to charity. Michael and his younger brother Ralf Schumacher are the only brothers to win races in Formula One, and they were the first brothers to finish 1st and 2nd in the same race, in Montreal in 2001, and there again (in switched order) in 2003.

Early years

Schumacher was born in Hürth, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany, to Rolf Schumacher, a bricklayer, and his wife Elisabeth. When Schumacher was four, his father modified his pedal kart by adding a small motorcycle engine. When Schumacher crashed it into a lamp post in Kerpen, his parents took him to the karting track at Kerpen-Horrem, where he became the youngest member of the karting club. His father soon built him a kart from discarded parts and at the age of six Schumacher won his first club championship. To support his son's racing, Rolf Schumacher took on a second job renting and repairing karts, while his wife worked at the track's canteen. Nevertheless, when Schumacher needed a new engine costing 800 DM, his parents were unable to afford it; Michael was able to continue racing with support from local businessmen.

Regulations in Germany require a driver to be at least 14 years old to obtain a kart license. To get around this, Schumacher obtained a license in Luxembourg at the age of 12.

In 1983, he obtained his German license, a year after he won the German Junior Kart Championship. From 1984 on, Schumacher won many German and European kart championships. He joined Eurokart dealer Adolf Neubert in 1985 and by 1987 he was the German and European kart champion, then he quit school and began working as a mechanic. In 1988 he made his first step into single-seat car racing by participating in the German Formula Ford and Formula König series, winning the latter.

In 1989, Schumacher signed with Willi Weber's WTS Formula Three team. Funded by Weber, he competed in the German Formula 3 series, winning the title in 1990. At the end of 1990, along with his Formula 3 rivals Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Karl Wendlinger, he joined the Mercedes junior racing programme in the World Sports-Prototype Championship. This was unusual for a young driver: most of Schumacher's contemporaries would compete in Formula 3000 on the way to Formula One. However, Weber advised Schumacher that being exposed to professional press conferences and driving powerful cars in long distance races would help his career. In the 1990 World Sportscar Championship season, Schumacher won the season finale at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in a Sauber–Mercedes C11, and finished fifth in the drivers' championship despite only driving in 3 of the 9 races. He continued with the team in the 1991 World Sportscar Championship season, winning again at the final race of the season at Autopolis in Japan with a Sauber–Mercedes-Benz C291, leading to a ninth place finish in the drivers championship. He also competed at Le Mans during that season, finishing 5th in a car shared with Karl Wendlinger and Fritz Kreutzpointner. In 1991, he competed in one race in the Japanese Formula 3000 Championship, finishing second.

Formula One career

Overview

Schumacher was noted throughout his career for his ability to produce fast laps at crucial moments in a race, to push his car to the very limit for sustained periods. Motor sport author Christopher Hilton observed in 2003 that "A measure of a driver's capabilities is his performance in wet races, because the most delicate car control and sensitivity are needed", and noted that like other great drivers, Schumacher's record in wet conditions shows very few mistakes: up to the end of the 2003 season, Schumacher won 17 of the 30 races in wet conditions he contested. Some of Schumacher's best performances occurred in such conditions, earning him the nicknames "''Regenkönig''" (rain king) or "''Regenmeister''" (rain master)., even in the non-German language media. He is known as "the Red Baron", because of his red Ferrari and in reference to the German Manfred von Richthofen, the famous flying ace of World War I. Schumacher's nicknames include "Schumi", "Schuey" and "Schu". Schumacher is often credited with popularising Formula One in Germany, where it was formerly considered a fringe sport. When Schumacher retired in 2006, three of the top ten drivers were German, more than any other nationality and more than have ever been present in Formula One history. Younger German drivers, such as Sebastian Vettel, felt Schumacher was key in their becoming Formula One drivers. In the latter part of his Formula One career, and as one of the senior drivers, Schumacher was the president of the Grand Prix Drivers' Association. In a 2006 FIA survey, Michael Schumacher was voted the most popular driver of the season among Formula One fans.

Debut

Schumacher made his Formula One debut with the Jordan-Ford team at the 1991 Belgian Grand Prix, driving car number 32 as a replacement for the imprisoned Bertrand Gachot. Schumacher, still a contracted Mercedes driver, was signed by Eddie Jordan after Mercedes paid Jordan $150,000 for his debut. The week before the race, Schumacher impressed Jordan designer Gary Anderson and team manager Trevor Foster during a test drive at Silverstone. His manager Willi Weber assured Jordan that Schumacher knew the challenging Spa track well, although in fact he had only seen it as a spectator. During the race weekend, team-mate Andrea de Cesaris was meant to show Schumacher the circuit but was held up with contract negotiations. Schumacher then learned the track on his own, by cycling around the track on a fold-up bike he had brought with him. He impressed the paddock by qualifying seventh in this race. This matched the team's season-best grid position, and out-qualified 11-year veteran de Cesaris. Motorsport journalist Joe Saward reported that after qualifying "clumps of German journalists were talking about 'the best talent since Stefan Bellof. Schumacher retired on the first lap of the race with clutch problems.

Benetton

After his debut, and despite Jordan's signed agreement in principle with Schumacher's Mercedes management for the remainder of the season, Schumacher was signed by Benetton-Ford for the following race. Jordan applied for an injunction in the UK courts to prevent Schumacher driving for Benetton, but lost the case as they had not yet signed a contract. Schumacher finished the season with four points out of six races. His best finish was fifth in his second race, the , in which he finished ahead of his team-mate and three-time World Champion Nelson Piquet.

At the start of the season the Sauber team, planning their Formula One debut with Mercedes backing for the following year, invoked a clause in Schumacher's contract which stated that if Mercedes entered Formula One, Schumacher would drive for them. It was eventually agreed that Schumacher would stay with Benetton, Peter Sauber said that "[Schumacher] didn't want to drive for us. Why would I have forced him?". The year was dominated by the Williams of Nigel Mansell and Riccardo Patrese, featuring powerful Renault engines, semi-automatic gearboxes and active suspension to control the car's ride height. In the "conventional" Benetton B192 Schumacher took his place on the podium for the first time, finishing third in the . He went on to take his first victory at the , in a wet race at the Spa-Francorchamps circuit, which by 2003 he would call "far and away my favourite track". He finished third in the Drivers' Championship in 1992 with 53 points, three points behind runner-up Patrese.

The Williams of Damon Hill and Alain Prost also dominated the season. Benetton introduced their own active suspension and traction control early in the season, last of the frontrunning teams to do so. Schumacher won one race, the where he beat Prost, and had nine podium finishes, but retired in seven of the other 15 races. He finished the season in fourth, with 52 points.

1994–1995: World Championship years

The season was Schumacher's first Drivers' Championship. The season, however, was marred by the deaths of Ayrton Senna (witnessed by Schumacher, who was directly behind in 2nd position) and Roland Ratzenberger during the , and by allegations that several teams, including Schumacher's Benetton team, broke the sport's technical regulations.

Schumacher won six of the first seven races and was leading the , before a gearbox failure left him stuck in fifth gear. Schumacher finished the race in second place. Following the San Marino Grand Prix, the Benetton, Ferrari and McLaren teams were investigated on suspicion of breaking the FIA-imposed ban on electronic aids. Benetton and McLaren initially refused to hand over their source code for investigation. When they did so, the FIA discovered hidden functionality in both teams' software, but no evidence that it had been used in a race. Both teams were fined $100,000 for their initial refusal to cooperate. However, the McLaren software, which was a gearbox program that allowed automatic shifts, was deemed legal. By contrast, the Benetton software was deemed to be a form of "launch control" that would have allowed Schumacher to make perfect starts, which was explicitly outlawed by the regulations. At the , Schumacher was penalised for overtaking on the formation lap. He then ignored the penalty and the subsequent black flag, which indicates that the driver must immediately return to the pits, for which he was disqualified and later given a two-race ban. Benetton blamed the incident on a communication error between the stewards and the team. Schumacher was also disqualified after winning the after his car was found to have illegal wear on its skidblock, a measure used after the accidents at Imola to limit downforce and hence cornering speed. Benetton protested that the skidblock had been damaged when Schumacher spun over a kerb, but the FIA rejected their appeal because of the pattern of wear and damage visible on the block. These incidents helped Damon Hill close the points gap, and Schumacher led by a single point going into the final race in Australia. On lap 36 Schumacher hit the guardrail on the outside of the track while leading. Hill attempted to pass but as Schumacher's car returned to the track there was a collision on the corner causing them both to retire. As a result Schumacher won a very controversial championship, the first German to do so (Jochen Rindt raced under the Austrian flag).

In Schumacher successfully defended his title with Benetton. He now had the same Renault engine as Williams. He accumulated 33 more points than second-placed Damon Hill. With team-mate Johnny Herbert, he took Benetton to its first Constructors' Championship and became the youngest two-time world champion in Formula One history.

The season was marred by several collisions with Hill, in particular an overtaking manoeuvre by Hill took them both out of the on lap 45 and again on lap 23 of the Italian Grand Prix. Schumacher won nine of the 17 races, and finished on the podium 11 times. Only once did he qualify worse than fourth; at the , he qualified 16th, but went on to win the race. After Schumacher left Benetton at the end of the year, the team won only one more race before being bought by Renault in 2000.

Ferrari

In , Schumacher joined Ferrari for a salary of $50 million over 2 years, a team which had last won the Drivers' Championship with Jody Scheckter in and which had not won the Constructors' Cup since 1983 with drivers René Arnoux and Patrick Tambay at the wheel. He left Benetton a year before his contract with them expired; he later cited the team's damaging actions in 1994 as his reason for opting out of his deal. A year later, ex-Benetton employees Rory Byrne and Ross Brawn, who had been Technical Director at Benetton since 1991, and who was one of the key members behind Schumacher's title successes with the team in 1994 and 1995, decided to join Schumacher at Ferrari. This increased Schumacher's motivation to build a more experienced and potentially championship-winning team around him.

Ferrari had previously come close to the championship in 1982 and 1990. The team had suffered a disastrous downturn in the early 1990s, partially as their famous V12 engine was no longer competitive against the smaller, lighter and more fuel efficient V10s of their competitors. Various drivers, notably Alain Prost, had given the vehicles labels such as "truck", "pig", and "accident waiting to happen". The poor performance of the Ferrari pit crews was considered a running joke. At the end of 1995, though the team had improved into a solid competitor, it was still considered inferior to front-running teams such as Benetton and Williams. Schumacher declared the Ferrari 412T good enough to win the Championship.

Schumacher, Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne, and Jean Todt (hired in 1993), have been credited as turning this once struggling team into the most successful team in Formula One history. Three-time World Champion Jackie Stewart believes the transformation of the Ferrari team was Schumacher's greatest feat. Eddie Irvine also joined the team, moving from Jordan.

1996–1999

Schumacher finished third in the Drivers' Championship in 1996, and helped Ferrari to second place in the constructors' championship ahead of his old team Benetton. He won three races, more than the team's total tally for the period from 1991 to 1995. During the initial part of the 1996 season, the car had had reliability trouble and Schumacher did not finish 6 of the 16 races. He took his first win for Ferrari at the Spanish Grand Prix, where he lapped the entire field up to third place in the wet. In the Schumacher qualified in pole position, but suffered engine failure on the race's formation lap. However at Spa-Francorchamps, Schumacher used well-timed pit-stops to fend off the Williams' Jacques Villeneuve. Following that, at Monza, Schumacher won in front of the tifosi. Schumacher's ability, combined with the improving reliability of Ferrari, enabled him to end the season, putting up a challenge to eventual race and championship winner Damon Hill at Suzuka.

Michael Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve vied for the title in . Villeneuve, driving the superior Williams FW19, led the championship in the early part of the season. However, by mid-season, Schumacher had taken the Championship lead, winning five races, and entered the season's final Grand Prix with a one-point advantage. Towards the end of the race, held at Jerez, Schumacher's Ferrari developed a coolant leak and loss of performance indicating he may not finish the race. As Villeneuve approached to pass his rival, Schumacher attempted to provoke an accident but got the short end of the stick, retiring from the race. Villeneuve went on and scored four points to take the championship. Schumacher was punished for unsportsmanlike conduct for the collision and was disqualified from the Drivers' Championship.

In , Finnish driver Mika Häkkinen became Schumacher's main title competition. Häkkinen won the first two races of the season, gaining a 16 point advantage over Schumacher. Schumacher then won in Argentina and, with the Ferrari improving significantly in the second half of the season, Schumacher took six victories and had five other podium finishes. Ferrari took a 1–2 finish at the , the first Ferrari 1–2 finish since 1990, and the , which tied Schumacher with Häkkinen for the lead of the Drivers' Championship with 80 points, but Häkkinen won the Championship by winning the final two races. There were two controversies; at the Schumacher was leading on the last lap when he turned into the pit lane, crossed the start finish line and stopped for a ten second stop go penalty. There was some doubt whether this counted as serving the penalty, but, because he had crossed the finish line when he came into the pit lane, the win was valid. At Spa, Schumacher was leading the race by 40 seconds in heavy spray, but collided with David Coulthard's McLaren when the Scot, a lap down, slowed in very poor visibility to let Schumacher past. After both cars returned to the pits, Schumacher leaped out of his car and headed to McLaren's garage in an infuriated manner and accused Coulthard of trying to kill him.

Rumours circulated that Coulthard may be replaced by Schumacher for the 1999 season and beyond and, in a previous edition of the F1 Racing magazine, Ron Dennis revealed that he had approached Schumacher to sign a deal with McLaren. However, peripheral financial issues that tied Schumacher with Ferrari, such as sponsorship agreements and payment, could not be rectified in a move to the rival team and so, no deal came to fruition.

Schumacher's efforts helped Ferrari win the Constructors title in . He lost his chance to win the Drivers' Championship at the at the high-speed ''Stowe Corner'', his car's rear brake failed, sending him off the track and resulting in a broken leg. During his 98 day absence, he was replaced by Finnish driver Mika Salo. After missing six races, he made his return at the inaugural , qualifying in the pole position by almost a second. He then assumed the role of second driver, assisting team mate Eddie Irvine's bid to win the Drivers' Championship for Ferrari. In the last race of the season, the , Häkkinen won his second consecutive title. Schumacher would later say that Häkkinen was the opponent he respected the most.

2000–2004: World Championship years

During this period Schumacher won more races and championships than any other driver in the history of the sport. Schumacher won his third World Championship in after a year-long battle with Häkkinen. Schumacher won the first three races of the season and five of the first eight. Mid-way through the year, Schumacher's chances suffered with three consecutive non-finishes, allowing Häkkinen to close the gap in the standings. Häkkinen then took another two victories, before Schumacher won at the . At the post race press conference, after equalling the number of wins (41) won by his idol, Ayrton Senna, Schumacher broke into tears. The championship fight would come down to the penultimate race of the season, the . Starting from pole position, Schumacher lost the lead to Häkkinen at the start. After his second pit-stop, however, Schumacher came out ahead of Häkkinen and went on to win the race and the championship.

In , Schumacher took his fourth drivers' title. Four other drivers won races, but none sustained a season-long challenge for the championship. Schumacher scored a record-tying nine wins and clinched the world championship with four races yet to run. He finished the championship with 123 points, 58 ahead of runner-up Coulthard. Season highlights included the , where Schumacher finished 2nd to his brother Ralf, thus scoring the first ever 1–2 finish by brothers in Formula One; and the Belgian Grand Prix in which Schumacher scored his 52nd career win, breaking Alain Prost's record for most career wins.

In , Schumacher used the Ferrari F2002 to retain his Drivers' Championship. There was again some controversy, however, at the , where his teammate, Rubens Barrichello was leading but in the final metres of the race, under orders, slowed to allow Schumacher to win the race. The crowd broke into outraged boos at the result and Schumacher tried to make amends by placing Barrichello at the top step of the podium. At the later that year, Schumacher dominated the race and was set for a close finish with Barrichello. At the end he slowed down to create a formation finish with Barrichello, but slowed too much allowing Barrichello to take the victory. In winning the Drivers' Championship he equalled the record set by Juan Manuel Fangio of five world championships. Ferrari won 15 out of 17 races, and Schumacher won the title with six races remaining in the season. Schumacher broke his own record, shared with Nigel Mansell, of nine race wins in a season, by winning eleven times and finishing every race on the podium. He finished with 144 points, a record-breaking 67 points ahead of the runner-up, his teammate Rubens Barrichello. This pair finished 9 of the 17 races in the first two places.

Schumacher broke Juan Manuel Fangio's record of five World Drivers' Championships by winning the drivers' title for the sixth time in , a closely contested season. The biggest competition came once again from the McLaren Mercedes and Williams BMW teams. In the first race, Schumacher ran off track, and in the following two, was involved in collisions. He fell 16 points behind Kimi Räikkönen. Schumacher won the and the next two races, and closed within two points of Räikkönen. Aside from Schumacher's victory in Canada, and Barrichello's victory in Britain, the mid-season was dominated by Williams drivers Ralf Schumacher and Juan Pablo Montoya, who each claimed two victories. After the , Michael Schumacher led Montoya and Kimi Räikkönen by only one and two points, respectively. Ahead of the next race, the FIA announced changes to the way tyre widths were to be measured: this forced Michelin, supplier to Williams and McLaren among others, to rapidly redesign their tyres before the . Schumacher, running on Bridgestone tyres, won the next two races. After Montoya was penalised in the , only Schumacher and Räikkönen remained in contention for the title. At the final round, the , Schumacher needed only one point whilst Räikkönen needed to win. By finishing the race in eighth place, Schumacher took one point and assured his sixth World Drivers' title, ending the season two points ahead of Räikkönen.

In , Schumacher won a record twelve of the first thirteen races of the season, only failing to finish in Monaco after an accident with Juan Pablo Montoya during a safety car period when he briefly locked his car's brakes. He clinched a record seventh drivers' title at the . He finished that season with a record 148 points, 34 points ahead of the runner-up, teammate Rubens Barrichello, and set a new record of 13 race wins out of a possible 18, surpassing his previous best of 11 wins from the season.

2005–2006

Rule changes for the 2005 season required tyres to last an entire race, tipping the overall advantage to teams using Michelins over teams such as Ferrari that relied on Bridgestone tyres. The rule changes were partly in an effort to dent Ferrari's dominance and make the series more interesting. The most notable moment of the early season for Schumacher was his battle with Fernando Alonso in San Marino, where he started 13th and finished only 0.2 seconds behind the Spanish driver. Less than half-way through the season, Schumacher said "I don't think I can count myself in this battle any more. It was like trying to fight with a blunted weapon.... If your weapons are weak you don't have a chance." Schumacher's sole win in 2005 came at the . Prior to that race, the Michelin tyres were found to have significant safety issues. When no compromise between the teams and the FIA could be reached, all but the six drivers using Bridgestone tyres dropped out of the race after the formation lap. Schumacher retired in six of the 19 races. He finished the season in third with 62 points, fewer than half the points of world champion Alonso.

became the last season of Schumacher's Ferrari career. After three races, Schumacher had just 11 points and was already 17 points behind Alonso. He won the following two races. His pole position at San Marino was his 66th, breaking Ayrton Senna's 12 year old record.

Schumacher was stripped of pole position at the and started the race at the back of the grid. This was due to him stopping his car and blocking part of the circuit while Alonso was on his qualifying lap; he still managed to work his way up to 5th place on the notoriously cramped Monaco circuit. By the , the ninth race of the season, Schumacher was 25 points behind Alonso, but he then won the following three races to reduce his disadvantage to 11. His win at Hockenheim was the last home win for a German as of now. After his victories in Italy (in which Alonso had an engine failure) and China, in which Alonso had tyre problems, Schumacher led in the championship standings for the first time during the season. Although he and Alonso had the same point total, Schumacher was in front because he had won more races. The Japanese Grand Prix was led by Schumacher with only 16 laps to go, when, for the first time since the 2000 French Grand Prix, Schumacher's car suffered engine failure. Alonso won the race, which gave him a ten point championship lead. With only one race left in the season, Schumacher could only win the championship if he won the season finale and Alonso scored no points.

Before the , Schumacher conceded the title to Alonso. In pre-race ceremonies, football legend Pelé presented a trophy to Schumacher for his years of dedication to Formula One. During the race's qualifying session, Schumacher had the best time of all drivers through the first two sessions; but a fuel pressure problem prevented him from completing a single lap during the third session, forcing him to start the race in tenth position. Early in the race Schumacher moved up to sixth place. However, in overtaking Alonso's teammate, Giancarlo Fisichella, Schumacher experienced a tyre puncture caused by the front wing of Fisichella's car. Schumacher pitted and consequently fell to 19th place, 70 seconds behind teammate and race leader Felipe Massa. Schumacher recovered and overtook both Fisichella and Räikkönen to secure fourth place. His performance was classified in the press as "heroic", an "utterly breath-taking drive", and a "performance that ... sums up his career".

2007–2009 Retirement

thumb|BMW Sauber with "Thanks Michael" messages towards Michael Schumacher on the back of their cars, Schumacher and Peter Sauber worked together in sports cars prior of entering in F1 in 1992.While Schumacher was on the podium after winning the 2006 Italian Grand Prix, Ferrari issued a press release stating that he would retire from racing at the end of the 2006 season. Schumacher confirmed his retirement. The press release stated that Schumacher would continue working for Ferrari. It was revealed on 29 October 2006 that Ferrari wanted Schumacher to act as assistant to the newly appointed CEO Jean Todt. This would involve selecting the team's future drivers. After Schumacher's announcement, leading Formula One figures such as Niki Lauda and David Coulthard hailed Schumacher as the greatest all-round racing driver in the history of Formula One. The tifosi and the Italian press, who did not always take to Schumacher's relatively cold public persona, displayed an affectionate response after he announced his retirement.

2007: Advisor to Ferrari

During the season Schumacher acted as Ferrari's advisor and Jean Todt's 'super assistant'. He attended several Grands Prix during the season. Schumacher drove the Ferrari F2007 for the first time on 24 October at Ferrari's home track in Fiorano, Italy. He ran no more than five laps and no lap times were recorded. A Ferrari spokesman said the short drive was done for the Fiat board of directors who were holding their meeting in Maranello.

On 13 November 2007 Schumacher, who had not driven a Formula One car since he had retired a year earlier, undertook a formal test session for the first time aboard the F2007. He returned in December 2007 to continue helping Ferrari with their development program at Jerez circuit. He focused on testing electronics and tyres for the 2008 Formula One season.

2008: Car development

In 2007, former Ferrari top manager Ross Brawn said that Schumacher was very likely and also happy to continue testing in 2008. Michael Schumacher later explained his role further saying that he would "deal with the development of the car inside Gestione Sportiva" and as part of that "I'd like to drive, but not too often.".

During 2008 Schumacher also competed in motorcycle racing in the IDM Superbike-series, but stated that he had no intention of a second competitive career in this sport. He was quoted as saying that riding a Ducati was the most exhilarating thing he had done in his life, the second most being sky diving.

2009: Planned substitution for injured Massa

In his capacity as racing advisor to Ferrari, Schumacher was present in Budapest for the when Ferrari driver Felipe Massa was seriously injured after being struck by a suspension spring during qualifying. As it became clear that Massa would be unable to compete in the next race at Valencia Schumacher was chosen as a replacement for the Brazilian driver and on 29 July 2009, Ferrari announced that they planned to draft in Schumacher for the and subsequent Grands Prix until Massa was able to race again. Schumacher tested in a modified F2007 to prepare himself as he had been unable to test the 2009 car due to testing restrictions. Ferrari appealed for special permission for Schumacher to test in a 2009 spec car but Williams, Red Bull and Toro Rosso were against this test. Schumacher was forced to call off his return due to the severity of the neck injury he had received in a motorcycle accident earlier in the year. Massa's place at Ferrari was instead filled by Luca Badoer and Giancarlo Fisichella.

Mercedes GP

On 23 December 2009 it was announced Schumacher would be returning to Formula One in the season alongside fellow German driver Nico Rosberg in the new Mercedes GP team. On 16 November Mercedes had taken over the Brawn GP team which was their first majority involvement in an F1 team since 1955. Schumacher stated that his preparations to replace the injured Massa for Ferrari had initiated a renewed interest in F1 which, combined with the opportunity to fulfil a long-held ambition to drive for Mercedes and to be working again with team principal Ross Brawn, led Schumacher to accept the offer once he was passed fit. After a period of intensive training medical tests confirmed that the neck injury that had prevented him driving for Ferrari the year before had fully healed.

Ross Brawn had contacted Schumacher over a potential return to F1 with Mercedes involvement in November 2009, seeking a substitute for the possibly outgoing driver Jenson Button. On 2 November Rubens Barrichello had left Brawn GP followed by Button on 18 November with Rosberg announced by Mercedes as the first replacement driver on 23 November. The possible return of Schumacher began being reported in the German press on 13 December and, ten days later, Mercedes confirmed Schumacher's return completing their line-up. Schumacher signed a three year contract, reportedly worth £20m, with Mercedes who were thought to want 22-year-old German driver Sebastian Vettel as a long term replacement afterwards. In March 2010, The Daily Mail reported that Schumacher's deal was closer to £21m (€24m, $32m) a year.

Schumacher's surprise re-entry to the sport was compared to Niki Lauda's return in 1982 aged 33 and Nigel Mansell's return in 1994 at age 41. Schumacher turned 41 on 3 January 2010 and his prospects with Mercedes were compared with the record set by the oldest F1 champion Juan Manuel Fangio who was 46 when he won his fifth championship.

2010: Return to Formula One

Schumacher's first drive of the 2010 Mercedes car – the Mercedes MGP W01 – was at the official test on 2 February 2010 in Valencia. He finished sixth in the first race of the season at the . A fortnight later at the Schumacher, after running as high as third on the opening lap, was caught up in a tangle between Fernando Alonso and Jenson Button at the start and had to pit for a new front wing. He came from the back to finish in the points in tenth position after spending 20 laps behind Toro Rosso's Jaime Alguersuari. In the Schumacher retired early in the race with a faulty wheel nut. Schumacher qualified 9th in the and finished 10th after being passed by several other drivers in the wet conditions towards the end of the race. After the race former driver Stirling Moss suggested that Schumacher, who had finished behind his team-mate in each of the first four qualifying sessions and races, might be "past it." Many other respected former Formula One drivers thought otherwise, including former rival Damon Hill, who warned "you should never write Schumacher off." GrandPrix.com identified the inherent understeer of the Mercedes car, exacerbated by the narrower front tyres introduced for the 2010 season, as contributing to Schumacher's difficulties. Jenson Button shed some more light on Schumacher's car trouble when he confessed that the Mercedes 2010 car was designed for him, and that his driving style is poles apart from Schumacher.

For the first European race of the season, the , Mercedes upgraded their car with revised aerodynamics and a longer wheelbase. Schumacher was ahead of Rosberg in qualifying and the race finishing fourth after defending his position from reigning world champion Jenson Button after the pit stops. At the Schumacher qualified seventh and finished sixth after passing Ferrari's Fernando Alonso on the final corner of the race when the safety car returned to the pits. However he was penalised 20 seconds after the race by the race stewards dropping him to 12th and thus out of the points. The stewards, advised by former world champion Damon Hill, judged the pass to be in breach of rule 40.13 of the sporting code stating that "If the race ends whilst the safety car is deployed it will enter the pit lane at the end of the last lap and the cars will take the chequered flag as normal without overtaking." Mercedes GP had interpreted "the race control messages 'Safety Car in this lap' and 'Track Clear' and the green flags and lights shown by the marshals after safety car line one" to mean that the race would not finish under the safety car. The FIA subsequently outlined plans to clarify the regulations and Mercedes GP dropped their plans to appeal.

In Turkey, Schumacher had his best qualifying session since his return qualifying fifth ahead of team mate Rosberg in sixth. In the race Schumacher finished fourth which was his best race finish since his return. However 2 races later at the in Valencia, Schumacher finished a lowly 15th – his lowest recorded finish in his career – after being caught up in a controversial safety-car ruling, which also ruined the race of Fernando Alonso. Schumacher was near the front of the field until he was stuck at the end of the pit lane, following the safety car, while the majority of the field passed him. In Hungary, Schumacher finished outside the points in eleventh, but was found guilty of dangerous driving at while unsuccessfully defending tenth position against Rubens Barrichello. As a result he was demoted ten places on the grid for the following race, the Belgian Grand Prix, where he finished seventh, despite starting 21st after his grid penalty.

In the , Schumacher missed out on the top ten in qualifying but managed to finish ninth. A fortnight later at the , Schumacher finished 13th after the Sauber of Nick Heidfeld collided with him on Lap 36, knocking Heidfeld out of the race. At the , Schumacher finished sixth before a fourth and seventh in the next two races in Korea and Brazil. At the season finale in Abu Dhabi, Schumacher was involved in a major accident on the first lap, which occurred after Schumacher was spun around by his teammate Nico Rosberg. As Schumacher was trying to maneuver his car back around, Vitantonio Liuzzi's Force India ploughed into his Mercedes head-on, barely missing his head. Nobody was hurt in the crash, but Schumacher said the crash had been "frightening."

It was the first season since his début season in 1991 that Schumacher finished without a win, pole position, podium or fastest lap.

At the 2011 Wroom meeting in Madonna di Campiglio, Italy, Fernando Alonso, the second most successful Formula One driver still racing, said of Schumacher: "He will be always super class; if the car is right, he will be a contender that we will fear most."

2011

After an unsuccessful , where he retired due to puncture damage, Schumacher had an average race in Malaysia, finishing in ninth place to score his team's only points, generally battling it out with the midfield of the pack. A problem with his DRS system resulted in Schumacher qualifying only 14th in China, but he worked his way up to 8th place during the race. He added more points with sixth place in Spain, and at the , Schumacher had arguably his best performance since returning from retirement. He finished in fourth position, but ran as high as second in a race which was almost entirely contested in wet conditions. Schumacher was passed late in the race by both Jenson Button, who went on to win the race, and Mark Webber, by the use of the DRS.

In Valencia, he ploughed into the side of Vitaly Petrov's Renault while exiting the pit lane, breaking his own front wing, meaning he had to pit again the following lap. This incident left him outside of the points, and eventually finished 17th. There was more of the same in Britain when Schumacher locked his front tyres while running behind Kamui Kobayashi, attempted to take avoiding action, and again broke his front wing spinning Kobayashi 180 degrees. As well as pitting to replace the wing, Schumacher served a 10 second stop-go penalty for the incident. Although working his way up to 9th, Schumacher was unhappy with the result and described the Kobayashi incident as his misjudgement.

In an interview with Italian newspaper ''Corriere dello Sport – Stadio'' during the mid-season break, Schumacher admitted that he needed to re-evaluate his position in Formula One.

Helmet

Schumacher, in conjunction with Schuberth, helped develop the first lightweight carbon helmet. In 2004, a prototype was publicly tested by being driven over by a tank; it survived intact. The helmet keeps the driver cool by funneling directed airflow through fifty holes.

Schumacher's original helmet sported the colours of the German flag and his sponsor's decals. On the top was a blue circle with white astroids. When Jos Verstappen was his team-mate, Schumacher added 4 red diagonal strokes over the visor to differentiate his helmet from his team-mate. After Schumacher joined Ferrari a prancing horse was added on the back. From the 2000 Monaco Grand Prix, in order to differentiate his colours from new teammate Rubens Barrichello, Schumacher changed the upper blue colour and some of the white areas to red.

He sported one-off helmet designs three times. For the 1998 Japanese Grand Prix, a title decider with Mika Häkkinen, he replaced the German flag with a chequered flag motif and reflective silver replacing the white areas. At the 2004 Italian Grand Prix the German flag design was replaced with an Italian flag in honour of his team's home race. For Brazilian Grand Prix race of 2006 (at the time intended to be his final Grand Prix), he wore an all-red helmet that included the names of his ninety-one Grand Prix victories. For the 2011 Belgian Grand Prix, Schumacher's 20th anniversary in Formula One, he wore a special gold plated helmet. The helmet, very similar to his current helmet, included the year of his début to the present, and the years of his seven world titles.

Honours

Schumacher has been honoured many times during his career. In April 2002, for his contributions to sport and his contributions in raising awareness of child education, he was named as one of the UNESCO Champions for sport, joining the other eight which include Pelé, Serhiy Bubka and Justine Henin. He won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award twice, in 2002 and 2004 for his performances in the and seasons respectively. He has also received nominations for the 2001, 2003, 2005 and 2007 awards. No-one has been nominated more times than Schumacher in the award's seven-year history.

In honour of Schumacher's racing career and his efforts to improve safety and the sport, he was awarded an FIA Gold Medal for Motor Sport in 2006. In 2007, in recognition of his contribution to Formula One racing, the Nürburgring racing track renamed turns 8 and 9 (the Audi and Shell Kurves) as the ''Schumacher S'', and a month later he presented A1 Team Germany with the A1 World Cup at the A1GP World Cup of Motorsport 2007 awards ceremony. He was nominated for the Prince of Asturias Award for Sport for 2007, which he won both for sporting prowess and for his humanitarian record.

In 2008 the Swiss Football Association appointed Schumacher as the Swiss ambassador for the 2008 European football championship.

On 30 April 2010, Schumacher was honored with the Officier of Légion d'honneur title from French prime minister François Fillon.

Controversy

During his long career Schumacher has been involved in several incidents, which have caused considerable controversy.

Championship deciding collisions

Going into the 1994 Australian Grand Prix, the final race of the 1994 season, Schumacher led Damon Hill by a single point in the Drivers' Championship. Schumacher led the race from the beginning, but on lap 35 he went off track and brushed the wall with his right side wheels, returning to the track at reduced speed but still leading the race. At the next corner Hill attempted a pass on the inside while Schumacher was turning into the corner, and Schumacher and Hill collided. Both cars were eliminated from the race and, as neither driver scored, Schumacher took the title. The race stewards judged it a racing accident and took no action against either driver, but public opinion is divided over the incident, and Schumacher was vilified in the British media.

At the 1997 European Grand Prix at Jerez, the last race of the season, Schumacher led Williams' Jacques Villeneuve by one point in the Drivers' Championship. As Villeneuve attempted to pass Schumacher at the Dry Sack Corner on lap 48, Schumacher turned in and the right-front wheel of Schumacher's Ferrari hit the left side pod of Villeneuve's car. Schumacher retired from the race as a result but Villeneuve finished in third place, taking four points and so becoming the World Champion. The race stewards did not award any penalty, but two weeks after the race Schumacher was disqualified from the entire 1997 season after a FIA disciplinary hearing found that his "manoeuvre was an instinctive reaction and although deliberate not made with malice or premeditation. It was a serious error." Schumacher accepted the decision and admitted having made a mistake. Schumacher's actions were widely condemned in British, German, and Italian newspapers. This made Schumacher the only driver in the history of the sport, , to be disqualified from a Driver's World Championship, although the McLaren team was disqualified from the 2007 Constructor’s Championship and fined $100m for illegal possession of Ferrari technical information.

Team orders

Historically, team orders have always been an accepted part of Formula One. However, in the final metres of the 2002 Austrian Grand Prix, Schumacher's teammate, Rubens Barrichello, slowed his car under orders from Ferrari to allow Schumacher to pass and win the race. Although the switching of positions did not break any actual sporting or technical regulation, it angered fans and it was claimed that the team's actions showed a lack of sportsmanship and respect to the spectators. Many argued that Schumacher did not need to be "given" wins in only the 6th race of the season, particularly given that he had already won 4 of the previous 5 grands prix, and that Barrichello had dominated the race weekend up to that point. At the podium ceremony, Schumacher pushed Barrichello onto the top step, and for this disturbance, the Ferrari team incurred a US $1 million fine. Later in the season at the end of the 2002 United States Grand Prix, Schumacher slowed down within sight of the finishing line, allowing Barrichello to win by 0.011 seconds, the 2nd closest margin in F1 history. Schumacher's explanation varied between it being him "returning the favour" for Austria (now that Schumacher's title was secure), or trying to engineer a dead-heat (a feat derided as near-impossible in a sport where timings are taken to within a thousandth of a second). The FIA subsequently banned "Team orders which interfere with the race result", but the ban was lifted for the 2011 season because the ruling was difficult to enforce.

Dangerous driving

Toward the end of the 2010 Hungarian Grand Prix, Rubens Barrichello attempted to pass Schumacher down the inside on the main straight. Schumacher closed the inside line to force Barrichello onto the outside, but Barrichello persisted on the inside at , despite the close proximity of a concrete wall and Schumacher leaving him only inches to spare. Barrichello said ‘It is the most dangerous thing that I have been through’, and ‘There is not a rule for that but between ourselves we should take a line, stick to it and that's it.’ Schumacher said that ‘Obviously there was space enough to go through. We didn't touch, so I guess I just left enough space for him to come through.’ Ross Brawn said ‘at the end of the day he gave him enough space. You can argue that it was marginal, but it was just tough – tough racing.’ A range of ex-drivers and commentators were highly critical of Schumacher. Although there was no accident, the incident was ruled to be dangerous and Schumacher received a 10 place grid penalty for the next race. Schumacher accepted the decision, and apologised.

Other incidents

In 1995, Schumacher and Williams driver David Coulthard were disqualified for fuel irregularities, after a switch to Renault engines and Elf oils. On appeal, both drivers had their results and points reinstated, but both teams lost the points the results would normally have earned in the constructors championship.

The 1998 Canadian Grand Prix saw Schumacher accused of dangerous driving when his exit from the pit-lane forced Heinz-Harald Frentzen off the track and into retirement. Despite receiving a 10 second penalty, Schumacher recovered and won the race. In the press conference, he publicly accused Damon Hill of weaving dangerously as they fought for position, stating "If you want to kill me, find some other way", a statement widely condemned as either hypocritical, or a cynical ploy to divert attention from his actions with Frentzen.

Two laps from the finish of the 1998 British Grand Prix, Michael Schumacher was leading the race when he was issued a stop-and-go penalty for overtaking a lapped car (Alexander Wurz) during the early moments of a Safety Car period. This penalty involves going into the pit lane and stopping for 10 seconds, and the rules state that a driver must serve his penalty within three laps of the penalty being issued. On the third lap after receiving the penalty, Schumacher turned into the pit lane to serve his penalty, but as this was the last lap of the race, and as Ferrari's pit box was located after the start/finish line, Schumacher technically finished the race before serving the penalty. The stewards initially resolved that problem by adding 10 seconds to Schumacher's race time, then later rescinded the penalty completely due to the irregularities in how the penalty had been issued.

In the Belgian Grand Prix, Schumacher was involved in a race-ending collision whilst trying to lap David Coulthard in heavy spray. After the race he stormed into the McLaren garage and accused Coulthard of trying to kill him, and McLaren and Ferrari team members had to separate the drivers. Coulthard admitted some 5 years later that the accident had been his fault.

During qualifying for the 2006 Monaco Grand Prix Schumacher set the fastest time, but stopped his car in the Rascasse corner on the racing line, leaving the corner partially blocked, while his main contender for the season title, Fernando Alonso, was on his final qualifying lap. Schumacher stated that he simply locked up the wheels going into the corner and that the car then stalled while he attempted to reverse out. Alonso believed he would have been on pole if the incident had not happened, and Schumacher was stripped of pole position by the race stewards and started the race at the back of the grid. In the same qualifying session, Giancarlo Fisichella was similarly found to have blocked David Coulthard from improving his time, but Fisichella was only demoted five places on the grid.

At the 2010 Monaco Grand Prix, the safety car was deployed after an accident, involving Karun Chandhok and Jarno Trulli, and pulled into the pits on the last lap. Schumacher passed Alonso before the finish line. Mercedes held that “the combination of the race control messages ‘Safety Car in this lap’ and ‘Track Clear’ and the green flags and lights shown by the marshals after safety car line one indicated that the race was not finishing under the safety car and all drivers were free to race. This opinion appears to have been shared by the majority of the teams with cars in the top ten positions who also gave their drivers instructions to race to the finish line.” However an FIA investigation found Schumacher guilty of breaching Safety Car regulations and awarded him a 20-seconds penalty, which cost him 6 places.

Family and off-track life

Schumacher's younger brother Ralf was a Formula One driver until the end of 2007. Their stepbrother Sebastian Stahl has also been competing as a race car driver. In August 1995, Michael married Corinna Betsch. They have two children, Gina-Maria (born in 1997) and Mick (born in 1999). He has always been very protective of his private life and is known to dislike the celebrity spotlight, preferring a simple life. The family moved to a house near Gland, Switzerland in 2007, a 650 m² mansion with its own underground garage and petrol station, situated on a private beach on Lake Geneva. The family has two dogs – one stray that Corinna fell in love with in Brazil, and an Australian Shepherd named "Ed" whose entrance to the family made headlines. Schumacher personally drove a taxi through the Bavarian town of Coburg after collecting the dog, enabling the family to catch their return flight to Switzerland. Both Schumacher and the taxi driver were reprimanded by local police.

One of his main hobbies is horse riding, and he plays football for his local team FC Echichens. He has appeared in several football charity games and organised games between Formula One drivers.

On 23 June 2003, Schumacher was appointed as an Ambassador at Large for the Most Serene Republic of San Marino.

In 2004, ''Forbes'' magazine listed him as the 2nd highest paid athlete in the world. In 2005 ''Eurobusiness'' magazine identified Schumacher as the world's first billionaire athlete. His 2004 salary was reported to be around US $80 million. ''Forbes'' magazine ranked him 17th in their "The World's Most Powerful Celebrities" list. A significant share of his income came from advertising. For example, Deutsche Vermögensberatung paid him $8 million over three years from 1999 for wearing a 10 by 8 centimetre advertisement on his post-race cap. The deal was extended until 2010. He donated $10 million for aid after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. His donation surpassed that of any other sports person, most sports leagues, many worldwide corporations and even some countries. Schumacher's bodyguard Burkhard Cramer was killed in the tsunami along with his two sons.

Schumacher is a special ambassador to UNESCO and has donated 1.5 million Euros to the organization. Additionally, he paid for the construction of a school for poor children and for area improvements in Dakar, Senegal. He supports a hospital for child victims of war in Sarajevo, which specialises in caring for amputees. In Lima, Peru he funded the "Palace for the Poor", a centre for helping homeless street children obtain an education, clothing, food, medical attention, and shelter. He stated his interest in these various efforts was piqued both by his love for children and the fact that these causes had received little attention. While an exact figure for the amount of money he has donated throughout his life is unknown, it is known that in his last four years as a driver, he donated at least $50 million. In 2008 it was revealed that he had donated between $5M and $10M to the William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park of Bill Clinton.

Since his participation in an FIA European road safety campaign, as part of his punishment after the collision at the 1997 European Grand Prix, Schumacher has continued to support other campaigns, such as Make Roads Safe, which is led by the FIA Foundation and calls on G8 countries and the UN to recognise global road deaths as a major global health issue. In 2008, Schumacher was the figurehead of an advertising campaign by Bacardi to raise awareness about responsible drinking, with a focus on communicating an international message 'drinking and driving don't mix'. He featured in an advertising campaign for television, cinema and online media, supported by consumer engagements, public relations and digital media across the world.

On the eve of the 2002 British Grand Prix, on behalf of Fiat, Schumacher presented a Ferrari 360 Modena to legendary Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar at Silverstone.

On 21 June 2009, Schumacher appeared on the BBC's motoring programme ''Top Gear'' as The Stig. Presenter Jeremy Clarkson hinted later in the programme that Schumacher was not the regular Stig. The BBC has since confirmed that this is the case; Schumacher was there on that occasion because Ferrari would not allow anyone else to drive the one-of-a-kind black Ferrari FXX which was featured in the show. The FXX was presented to Schumacher upon his retirement at Monza in 2006.

When Schumacher appeared on ''Top Gear'' in 2009, he told Jeremy Clarkson during his interview that the road cars that he drives are a Fiat 500 Abarth, and a Fiat Croma which is his family car.

Racing record

Career summary

! Season	! Series	! Team	! Races	! Wins	! Poles	! F/Laps	! Podiums	! Points	! Position
1988			4	1	1	0	3	50
	7	3	0	0	5	124	6th
		10	9	1	1	10	192
1989	align=left		12	2	2	0	7	163
align=left	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	NC
	1	0	0	0	0	N/A	NC
1990	align=left	align=left	3	1	0	1	3	21	=5th
align=left		11	5	6	4	7	148
align=left	1	0	1	1	0	N/A	NC
	1	1	0	0	0	N/A
1991	rowspan=2 align=left	align=left| Team 7UP Jordan	1	0	0	0	0	0
align=left| Camel Benetton Ford	5	0	0	0	0	4
align=left	align=left	8	1	0	2	2	43	9th
	align=left	4	0	0	0	0	0	NC
align=left		1	0	0	0	1	6	12th
! 1992	align=left	align=left| Camel Benetton Ford	16	1	0	2	8	53
! 1993	align=left	align=left| Camel Benetton Ford	16	1	0	5	9	52	4th
! 1994	align=left	align=left	14	8	6	8	10	92
! 1995	align=left	align=left	17	9	4	8	11	102
! 1996	align=left	align=left	16	3	4	2	8	59
! 1997	align=left	align=left	17	5	3	3	8	78
! 1998	align=left	align=left	16	6	3	6	11	86
! 1999	align=left	align=left	10	2	3	5	6	44	5th
! 2000	align=left	align=left	17	9	9	2	12	108
! 2001	align=left	align=left	17	9	11	3	14	123
! 2002	align=left	align=left	17	11	7	7	17	144
! 2003	align=left	align=left	16	6	5	5	9	93
! 2004	align=left	align=left	18	13	8	10	15	148
! 2005	align=left	align=left	19	1	1	3	5	62
! 2006	align=left	align=left	18	7	4	7	12	121
! 2007	align=left	align=left
! 2008	align=left	align=left
! 2009	align=left	align=left
! 2010	align=left		19	0	0	0	0	72	9th
! 2011	align=left		12	0	0	0	0	42*	8th*

Season in progress.

Source: Hilton, Christopher (2006). ''Michael Schumacher: The Whole Story.'' Haynes. ISBN 1-84425-008-3.

Complete Formula One results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)

Year

! Chassis

! Engine

! 1

! 2

! 3

! 4

! 5

! 6

! 7

! 8

! 9

! 10

! 11

! 12

! 13

! 14

! 15

! 16

! 17

! 18

! 19

! WDC

List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems>Points

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Jordan Grand Prix>Team

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14th

4

! [[Camel (cigarette)

! [[Benetton Formula

! [[Ford Motor Company

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[[Camel (cigarette)

! [[Benetton Formula

[[Ford Motor Company

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! [[Benetton Formula

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bgcolor="#CFCFFF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

[[Camel (cigarette)

! [[Benetton Formula

[[Ford Motor Company

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

4th

52

! [[Benetton Formula

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bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

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bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

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bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

7 Up

! [[Jordan Grand Prix

! [[Ford Motor Company

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style="color: white;"

style="color: white;"

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style="color: white;"

style="color: white;"

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bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

14th

4

! [[Camel (cigarette)

! [[Benetton Formula

! [[Ford Motor Company

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

[[Camel (cigarette)

! [[Benetton Formula

[[Ford Motor Company

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

! [[Benetton Formula

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#CFCFFF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

[[Camel (cigarette)

! [[Benetton Formula

[[Ford Motor Company

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

4th

52

! [[Benetton Formula

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bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

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bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

Benetton Formula>Benetton Ford

!

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bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

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bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#000000" style="color: #ffffff"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

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ITA">Benetton Formula

! [[Ford Motor Company

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ITA

1994 Portuguese Grand Prix>POR

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

''EUR''1

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

Mild Seven Benetton Formula

Benetton Renault

!

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Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A.">Benetton Formula

! [[Renault F1

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Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A.

!

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

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Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

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Marlboro (cigarette)>Marlboro

!

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bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

Marlboro (cigarette)>Marlboro

!

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#CFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#CFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

Marlboro (cigarette)>Marlboro

!

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

AUT">Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#CFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

AUT

1999 German Grand Prix>GER

HUN

1999 Belgian Grand Prix>BEL

ITA

1999 European Grand Prix>EUR

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

! 5th

! 44

Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro (cigarette)>Marlboro

!

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

Marlboro (cigarette)>Marlboro

!

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

! rowspan="2"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

! rowspan="2"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

! rowspan="2"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

! rowspan="2"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

Marlboro (cigarette)>Marlboro

!

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#CFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

! rowspan="2"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#CFCFFF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#CFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

! rowspan="2"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#CFCFFF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

Marlboro (cigarette)>Marlboro

!

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

! [[Mercedes GP">Scuderia Ferrari

! [[Scuderia Ferrari

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#DFDFDF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

bgcolor="#FFDF9F"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#FFFFBF"

bgcolor="#EFCFFF"

bgcolor="#DFFFDF"

! [[Mercedes GP Petronas F1 Team

! Mercedes GP

! [[Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#EFCFFF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#CFCFFF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#CFCFFF

bgcolor=#CFCFFF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#CFCFFF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#CFCFFF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#EFCFFF

! 9th

! 72

! [[Mercedes GP Petronas F1 Team

! [[Mercedes GP

! [[Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines

bgcolor=#EFCFFF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#CFCFFF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#EFCFFF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#CFCFFF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

bgcolor=#EFCFFF

bgcolor=#DFFFDF

! 8th*

! 42*

Season in progress. Schumacher was disqualified from the 1997 WDC due to dangerous driving in the European Grand Prix, where he caused an avoidable accident with Villeneuve. His points tally would have placed him in second place in that year's standings. Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.

Formula One records

Schumacher holds the following Formula One records:

! Record	! Number
List of Formula One driver records#Total championships>Championship titles	7 (, , , , , , )
! Consecutive titles	5 (–)
List of Grand Prix winners>Race victories	91
List of Formula One driver records#Most consecutive wins>Consecutive wins	7 (, 2004 European Grand Prix
! Wins with one team
! Wins at same GP
! Wins at different GPs	22
Longest Time between first and last wins	14 years, 32 days
! Second places	43
List of Formula One driver records#Total podium finishes>Podiums (Top 3)	154
List of Formula One driver records#Most consecutive podium positions>Consecutive podium finishes	19 (2001 United States Grand Prix
! Most consecutive top two finishes	15 ([[2002 Brazilian Grand Prix
Points finishes	209
! Consecutive points finishes	24 (2001 Hungarian Grand Prix
! Laps leading	4741 (22,155 km)
Pole positions	68
List of Formula One driver records#Total Starts from First Row>Front row starts	115
List of Formula One driver records#Total fastest laps>Fastest laps	76
List of Formula One driver records#Double (pole & win in same race)>Doubles (Pole and win)	40
List of Formula One driver records#Hat Trick (pole, win & fastest lap in same race)>Perfect Score (Pole, fastest lap and win)	22
List of Formula One driver records#Career points>Championship points	1,483
! Most wins in a season for a runner-up	7 ()
Autodromo Nazionale Monza>Monza (Formula One)	5
List of Formula One driver records#Most wins in a season>Wins in a season	13 (72%) ()
List of Formula One driver records#Most fastest laps in a season>Fastest laps in a season	10 ()
List of Formula One driver records#Most podium positions in a season>Podium finishes in a season	17 (100%) ()
! Championship won with most races left	6 ()
! Largest championship-winning margin	67 ()
! Consecutive years with a win	15 (–)
! Most races with 1 team	181 (Ferrari)

Record shared with Alberto Ascari (1952 Belgian GP–1953 Argentine GP). Some sources credit Ascari with nine consecutive wins, disregarding the 1953 Indianapolis 500 race, in which Ascari did not compete. The American race formed part of the world championship, but was not run to the same regulations as the other races and was very rarely attended by world championship drivers.

Record shared with Alain Prost ( and ) and Kimi Räikkönen ().

Record shared with Kimi Räikkönen ( and ).

Books and movies

Schumacher had a voice in the Disney/Pixar movie ''Cars''. His character is himself as a car (Ferrari F430). He also appeared as himself in a French movie ''Asterix and Obelix at the Olympic Games''.

References and notes

All race and championship results (1991–2006) are taken from the Official Formula 1 Website. 1991 Season review onwards. www.formula1.com. Retrieved 23 May 2007

External links

Michael Schumacher's official website

Profile – from Mercedes GP official website

Kartcenter and Museum

Kartteam Kaiser-Schumacher-Muchow

Formula1.com Profile

Career statistics

Michael Schumacher career statistics

News Articles about Michael Schumacher

Karl Wendlinger|after= Tom Kristensen|years=1990}} David Brabham|after= David Coulthard|years=1990}} Alain Prost|after= Damon Hill|years=–}} Mika Häkkinen|after= Fernando Alonso|years=––––}} Heikki KovalainenMarcus Grönholm|after= Incumbent|years= 2007–2010 with:Sebastian Vettel}} Felipe Massa | after = Rubens Barrichello | years = 2007}} Rubens Barrichello | after = Lucas di Grassi | years = 2009}} Damon Hill|title=AutosportInternational Driver of the Year|after= Damon Hill|years=1995}} Mika Häkkinen|title=AutosportInternational Driver of the Year|after= Juan Pablo Montoya|years=2000–2002}} Tiger Woods|title=Laureus World Sportsman of the Year|years=2002|after= Lance Armstrong}} Juan Pablo Montoya|title=Lorenzo Bandini Trophy|years=2003|after= Kimi Räikkönen}} Lance Armstrong|title=Laureus World Sportsman of the Year|years=2004|after= Roger Federer}} Spain national basketball team|title=Prince of Asturias Award for Sports|years=2007|after= Rafael Nadal}} Alain Prost51 wins(1980–1991, 1993)| after = Incumbent | years = 52nd at the 2001 Belgian GP}} }}

Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:People from Hürth Category:24 Hours of Le Mans drivers Category:Ambassadors of San Marino Category:CIK-FIA Karting World Championship drivers Category:Benetton Formula One drivers Category:Ferrari Formula One drivers Category:Formula One World Drivers' Champions Category:Formula Ford drivers Category:German expatriates in Monaco Category:German expatriates in Switzerland Category:German Formula One drivers Category:German Formula Three Championship drivers Category:German racecar drivers Category:Japanese Formula 3000 Championship drivers Category:Laureus World Sports Awards winners Category:Monaco Grand Prix winners Category:German Roman Catholics

ace:Michael Schumacher af:Michael Schumacher ar:مايكل شوماخر ast:Michael Schumacher az:Mihael Şumaxer bn:মিশাএল শুমাখার map-bms:Michael Schumacher be:Міхаэль Шумахер be-x-old:Міхаэль Шумахер bi:Michael Schumacher bar:Michael Schumacher bs:Michael Schumacher bg:Михаел Шумахер ca:Michael Schumacher ceb:Michael Schumacher cs:Michael Schumacher cy:Michael Schumacher da:Michael Schumacher de:Michael Schumacher dv:މައިކަލް ޝޫމާކަރ et:Michael Schumacher el:Μίχαελ Σουμάχερ es:Michael Schumacher eo:Michael Schumacher eu:Michael Schumacher fa:میشائل شوماخر fr:Michael Schumacher fy:Michael Schumacher ga:Michael Schumacher gl:Michael Schumacher ko:미하엘 슈마허 hr:Michael Schumacher io:Michael Schumacher id:Michael Schumacher ie:Michael Schumacher zu:Michael Schumacher is:Michael Schumacher it:Michael Schumacher he:מיכאל שומאכר jv:Michael Schumacher kn:ಮೈಕೆಲ್ ಶೂಮಾಕರ್ ka:მიხაელ შუმახერი ht:Michael Schumacher la:Michael Schumacher lv:Mihaels Šūmahers lt:Michael Schumacher hu:Michael Schumacher ml:മൈക്കൾ ഷൂമാക്കർ mr:मिखाएल शुमाखर ms:Michael Schumacher nah:Michael Schumacher nl:Michael Schumacher ja:ミハエル・シューマッハ no:Michael Schumacher nn:Michael Schumacher pl:Michael Schumacher pt:Michael Schumacher ro:Michael Schumacher qu:Michael Schumacher ru:Шумахер, Михаэль sco:Michael Schumacher sq:Michael Schumacher scn:Michael Schumacher simple:Michael Schumacher sk:Michael Schumacher sl:Michael Schumacher sr:Михаел Шумахер sh:Michael Schumacher su:Michael Schumacher fi:Michael Schumacher sv:Michael Schumacher tl:Michael Schumacher ta:மைக்கேல் சூமாக்கர் th:มิคาเอล ชูมัคเกอร์ tg:Михаэл Шумахер tr:Michael Schumacher uk:Міхаель Шумахер vec:Michael Schumacher vi:Michael Schumacher wa:Michael Schumacher yi:מיכאל שומאכער zh:迈克尔·舒马赫

Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
name	Vijay Mallya ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ
birth place	Bangalore, Karnatka, India
birth date	December 18, 1955
birth place	Bantwal, Karnataka, India
alma mater	St. Xavier's College
networth	US$ 1.4 billion (2011)
ranking	Forbes World Billionaires Ranking: 937 (2010)
occupation	Chairman of: United Breweries Group, Kingfisher Airlines, Force India F1 Team, Royal Challengers Bangalore, East Bengal FC, URBB
office	Member of the Rajya Sabha
constituency	Karnataka
term	2000 – 2006, 2010 – present
successor	abhiram r menon
party	Independent
date	3 May 2011
source	http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode1892 Government of India
spouse	Sameera (divorced)
children	Sidhartha Mallya (Son) Leana Mallya (daughter) Tanya Mallya (daughter) Laila Mallya (step-daughter)
signature	}}

Vijay Mallya (Kannada/Konkani: ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ; born 18 December 1955) is an Indian liquor baron and Rajya Sabha MP. The son of industrialist Vittal Mallya, he is the Chairman of the United Breweries Group and Kingfisher Airlines, which draws its name from United Breweries Group's flagship beer brand, Kingfisher.

He also co-owns the Formula One team Force India, the Indian Premier League team Bangalore Royal Challengers, and the I-League team East Bengal FC and Mohun Bagan AC.

According to Forbes.com, as of March 2011, Mallya, is worth US $1.4 billion. He is ranked 879 in The Forbes World Billionaires Ranking (2011), and 38th in India. He receives substantial press coverage that focuses on his lavish parties, villas, automobiles, Force India, Royal Challengers Bangalore and his yacht, the ''Indian Empress''.

Personal life

Mallya was born into a Konkani Goud Saraswat Brahmin family which originally from the town of Bantwal, near Mangalore, in Karnataka. He is the son of Vittal Mallya and Lalitha Ramaiah. He was educated at La Martiniere for Boys School, Calcutta and completed his degree at St. Xavier's College, Calcutta. He later set up business ventures in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Mallya's first wife was Sameera and they have a son together, named Sidhartha Mallya. Sidhartha was educated at Wellington College in Crowthorne followed by Queen Mary's College in the University of London. Later on, Mallya married Rekha with who he has two daughters Laila is engaged with loganathan and Tanya Mallya and one son.

Business

Breweries

Mallya took over as Chairman of United Breweries Group in 1984 from his father Vittal Mallya. Since then, the group has grown into a multi-national conglomerate of over sixty companies, with an annual turnover which increased by 63.9% over 15 years to US$11.2 billion in 1998–1999 . The focal business areas of the group encompass alcoholic beverages, life sciences, engineering, agriculture, chemicals, information technology, aviation and leisure.

In May 2007, United Breweries Group announced the all-cash acquisition of scotch whisky maker Whyte & Mackay for £595 million (approximately Rs 6000 crore). In 2005 he took over Millennium Breweries Ltd (formerly known as Inertia Industries Ltd), which owned the two premium beer brands named ''Sandpiper'' and ''Zingaro''.

Airlines

In 2006, Mallya established Kingfisher Airlines. At present, the airline connects 32 cities. Kingfisher Airlines obtained a 26% stake in Air Deccan, a low cost Indian airline which Mallya later acquired fully and rebranded as Kingfishers Red. Vijay Mallya and his Jet Airways counterpart Naresh Goyal announced an alliance after a marathon meeting on 13 October 2008 at Mumbai, India.

Media

Mallya owns the MarinScope Newspapers which serve Marin County, California where he maintains a home and stores a portion of his car collection.

Investment in sports

Formula One

In 2007, Mallya and the Mol family from The Netherlands bought the Spyker F1 team for 88 million euros. The team changed its name to Force India F1 from the 2008 Season. Team's car VJM-01 was named after its owners Vijay Mallya, Jan Mol and Michiel Mol.

Mallya also represents India in the FIA World Motor Sport Council, where he has a seat from 2009 to 2013.

Football

Mallya's United Breweries sponsors the East Bengal and Mohun Bagan football clubs in Kolkata where Mallya spent his childhood.

He also was part of the consortium that acquired Queens Park Rangers FC; the consortium also included Bernie Ecclestone, Flavio Briatore and Lakshmi Mittal.

Vijay Mallya has recently indicated his intention to buy AS Bari, a football team which plays in the Italian Serie A.

Cricket

Vijay Mallya is the owner of Royal Challengers IPL team through his flagship firm UB Group. Mallya wanted to associate one of his top-selling liquor brands, either McDowell's No. 1 or Royal Challenge with the team.[8] The latter was chosen, hence the name. The jersey colours of the team are red and golden yellow, the same as the Karnataka state flag,[9] and the logo consists of the RC emblem with "Royal Challengers Bangalore" in standard format.

Political career

Mallya entered politics in 2000 as a member of the Janata Party. His party contested almost all of the 224 seats during the Karnataka State legislative election. He campaigned vigorously through the media, but his party failed to make any impact and did not win a single seat. Following the party's failure in the elections, it has been largely ignored by the media, although Mallya recently became an MP independently.

Auction purchases

Vijay Mallya is noted for his successful bidding in auction of items that are considered of great historical value to India. In 2004, he placed the winning bid of £175,000 for the sword of Tipu Sultan at an auction in London, and brought it back to India. In March 2009, Mallya successfully bid for the belongings of Mahatma Gandhi at US$1.8 million, in a New York auction that initially caused an uproar in India and its government tried and failed to prevent it from going under the hammer.

Other businesses

Establishment of Mallya Hospital in Bangalore. The hospital is located on Vittal Mallya Road, named after his father.

Helped to fund the Mallya Aditi International School, a private school in Bangalore.

He also owns the popular kunigal stud farm,situated near bangalore.

His F1 team Force India, in association with MTV India produced a reality show, MTV Force India The Fast and The Gorgeous in 2009. The show is about 20 gorgeous girls competing to be the face of Force India F1 in the 2009 season. The winners of ''The Fast and the Gorgeous'' were supposed to get to travel the world with the team, host the after-parties and appear in the F1 calendar.

References

External links

Profile at UB Group

Profile at ''Forbes''

Profile at ''The Daily Telegraph''

Vijay Mallya collected news and commentary at ''The Times of India''

Interview with Vijay Mallya ''CNN'' — November 28, 2007.

Category:Indian chief executives Category:Indian politicians Category:Indian motorsport people Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:Indian billionaires Category:Members of the Rajya Sabha Category:Formula One people Category:Formula One team owners Category:Indian Premier League franchise owners Category:University of Calcutta alumni Category:Mangaloreans Category:People from Dakshina Kannada Category:Racehorse owners and breeders

ar:فيجاي ماليا bg:Виджай Маля de:Vijay Mallya fr:Vijay Mallya hi:विजय माल्या id:Vijay Mallya it:Vijay Mallya kn:ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ lt:Vijay Mallya ml:വിജയ് മല്യ mr:विजय मल्ल्या ms:Vijay Mallya nl:Vijay Mallya ja:ビジェイ・マリヤ pl:Vijay Mallya pt:Vijay Mallya ru:Маллья, Виджай fi:Vijay Mallya ta:விஜய் மல்லையா te:విజయ్ మాల్య

Coordinates	28°36′36″N77°13′48″N
name	9th Wonder
background	non_performing_personnel
birth name	Patrick Douthit
alias	9th Wonder, 9thmatic
birth date	January 15, 1975
birth place	Winston-Salem, North Carolina
instrument	Akai MPC2500, Turntables, Pro Tools, FL Studio
genre	Hip hop
occupation	Record producer, Record executive
years active	1997–present
label	It's A Wonderful World Music Group, Jamla Records
associated acts	Little Brother, Murs, David Banner, Buckshot }}

Patrick Douthit (born January 15, 1975 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina), better known as 9th Wonder is a hip hop record producer, record executive, DJ, professor, and lyricist from Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A. He began his career as the main producer for the hip hop group Little Brother, and has also worked with Mary J. Blige, Jean Grae, Lil Wayne, Wale, Jay-Z, Murs, Drake, Buckshot, Chris Brown, Destiny's Child, Obie Trice, Erykah Badu, Ludacris, and David Banner. As of 2010, 9th Wonder raps under the name of 9thmatic.

9th Wonder has a smooth and soulful production style that relies on samples from artists such as Al Green and Curtis Mayfield. He attributes the bass lines that he uses in production to DJ Premier, Pete Rock and J Dilla, while he claims to have learned "Aahs" from RZA.

Music career

9th Wonder's first significant career breakthrough came in 2003 when, as an up-and-coming producer, he released an unofficial remix album of Nas' 2002 album ''God's Son'' entitled ''God's Stepson''. Released through internet outlets, the album garnered significant attention and acclaim. The producer has said that he was not thinking in terms of using it to generate a buzz or promote his skills and that at that point: "I never thought any of this of me as a producer was going to happen." The album has since been credited as starting the now regular trend for unofficial 'home-made' remixes of whole albums.

9th Wonder began his career as the main producer for the hip hop group Little Brother. As part of Little Brother he gained widespread recognition and critical acclaim for his production on their debut 2003 release, ''The Listening''. One suitably impressed individual was Jay-Z's studio engineer Young Guru, who contacted the young producer on behalf of his employer. The eventual meeting led to 9th Wonder producing "Threat" for Jay-Z's 2003 ''The Black Album''. The cut proved to be a mainstream breakthrough for 9th Wonder, most immediately in the major production role he secured on Destiny's Child's 2004 ''Destiny Fulfilled'' album that Jay-Z was instrumental in helping bring about. On the album, 9th produced the tracks "Girl" and "Is She the Reason," plus the bonus track "Game Over."

9th Wonder left Little Brother in 2007.

On October 29, 2007, 9th Wonder also made a rare public appearance on BET's Rap City, alongside collaborator Talib Kweli. Madlib, Jean Grae and Erykah Badu appeared as well. In 2010, he appeared on BET's 106 & Park countdown with David Banner.

9th Wonder, E. Jones, and rapper J. Cole served as the lead producers of the soundtrack to t he EA Sports video game NBA Elite 11. 9th and J. also appear as "secret characters" in NBA Jam with a team name of "Cole & Wonder."

9th Wonder debuted his rapping alter-ego, 9thmatic, in late 2009. 9thmatic appeared on songs with Khrysis & Sean Boog (The Away Team), Big Remo, Murs & Thee Tom Hardy.

Wonder worked with Mississippi rapper David Banner on a collaborative album entitled ''Death of a Pop Star'' which was released on December 21, 2010.

It's A Wonderful World Music Group, Jamla Records

In January 2009, 9th Wonder announced plans to start two independent record labels, Jamla and The Academy, under his imprint It's A Wonderful World Music Group (IWWMG). ''Jamla'' originally consisted of Skyzoo, GQ, Rapsody, Tyler Woods and Big Remo, while ''The Academy'' consisted of Thee Tom Hardy, Actual Proof (Sundown & Enigma), TP, & The Away Team (Khrysis & Sean Boog). ''The Academy'' artists were later folded into the ''Jamla'' label. HaLo & Heather Victoria were announced as the newest members of IWWMG in October 2010.

In July 2010, 9th Wonder officially debuted his production team for IWWMG. The Soul Council consists of Khrysis, E. Jones, Fatin "10" Horton, Ka$h Don't Make Beats, AMP & 9th himself.

Recent & Current Projects

9th Wonder is working with film director Kenneth Price on a documentary set to be released in early 2011 titled "The Wonder Year."

In August 2010, hip-hop star Drake exchanged tweets with 9th Wonder on Twitter, expressing his desire to work with him again (the 1st time being the production of "Think Good Thoughts" featuring Phonte and Elzhi for his 2007 mixtape Comeback Season). It was confirmed in October 2010 that 9th will be producing for Drake on his second album Take Care, the follow-up to the successful Thank Me Later, currently scheduled to be released on October 24, 2011, Drake's birthday.

R&B/pop singer Chris Brown recorded a series of rap freestyles over 9th Wonder beats. The first was released on July 18, 2011 on YouTube under the title "Real Hip Hop #3." This was followed a day later by "Real Hip Hop #4" featuring Kevin McCall. These tracks were included in Brown's rap mixtape ''Boy In Detention'', released on August 5, 2011.

Hip-hop Professor

2007 saw a sideline move into music academia for 9th Wonder when, along with Christopher "Play" Martin from hip-hop group Kid-n-Play, he was appointed Artist-In-Residence by the Chancellor of North Carolina Central University, and began instructing a hip-hop history class in NCCU's Music Dept.

His role as a music professor has proven an ongoing one as in January 2010 it was announced that 9th Wonder would co-teach a class titled "Sampling Soul" with Dr. Mark Anthony Neal at Duke University. In an interview with HitQuarters, he explained the reason for the move into academia: "Educating the youth on where hip-hop comes from and the history of it, using the records we use, gives hip-hop a longer life. I decided to become an advocate of that."

P'Tones Records

9th Wonder and Black Jeruz are the spokespeople for the Durham-P'Tones Records Studio which is partnered with North Carolina Central University. The new location for the P'Tones studio is currently being decided. 9th Wonder still resides in North Carolina. He has announced his dedication to the community in Durham, NC by joining P'Tones Records, whose Mission Statement statement is "to create constructive opportunities for inner city youth through no-cost neighborhood music programs." The organization's goal is to give students the opportunity to run a record label, creating music and merchandise while learning about the music industry. Former Professor Kawachi Clemons and founder (of P'Tones) Oren Rosenbaum opened the NCCU-P'Tones studio. The program is set to begin February 2010. Dr. Smith has replaced Dr. Clemons as the point man from NCCU. As of August 1, P'Tones is fundraising through the Pepsi Refresh Project.

Discography

Solo Albums

2005: ''Dream Merchant Vol. 1''

2007: '' Dream Merchant Vol. 2''

2010: ''9th's Opus: It's a Wonderful World Music Group Vol.1''

2011: ''The Wonder Years''

Collaboration Albums

2003: ''The Listening'' (with Little Brother)

2003: ''Shake N Beats (Instrumental LP)'' (with Spectac)

2003: ''Legsclusives'' (with L.E.G.A.C.Y.)

2004: ''Murs 3:16: The 9th Edition'' (with Murs)

2005: ''The Minstrel Show'' (with Little Brother)

2005: ''Chemistry'' (with Buckshot)

2005: ''Spirit of '94: Version 9.0'' (with Kaze)

2005: ''9th Gate'' (with Access Immortal)

2006: ''Murray's Revenge'' (with Murs)

2006: ''Cloud 9: The Three Day High'' (with Skyzoo)

2007: ''Class is in Session'' (with Pete Rock)

2008: ''The Formula'' (with Buckshot)

2008: ''Jeanius'' (with Jean Grae)

2008: ''Sweet Lord'' (with Murs)

2008: ''The Corner of Spec & 9th'' (with Spectac)

2010: ''Fornever'' (with Murs)

2010: ''Death of a Pop Star'' (with David Banner)

2011(October 25): ''The Solution'' (with Buckshot)

Collaboration Mixtapes

2006: ''Battle of the Beats Round 1-2'' (with The Alchemist & DJ E.Nyce)

2007: ''9th Year Freshman'' (with Chops)

2007: ''The Graduate'' (with Kanye West, Mick Boogie & Terry Urban)

2008: ''The W.ide W.Orld of W.Rap'' (with E.Ness)

2008: ''Album Mixtape Volume One'' (with Cans)

2008: ''9 Wonders (NYOIL verses 9th Wonder)'' (with NYOIL)

2009: ''The R&B Sensation Mixtape'' (with Tyler Woods)

2009: ''Back to the Feature'' (with Wale & LRG)

2009: ''The Hardy Boy Mystery Mixtape: Curse of Thee Green Faceded'' (with Thee Tom Hardy & Don Cannon)

2010: ''To Hanses Mall'' (with Akello Light)

2010: ''Album Mixtape Part 2'' (with Cans)

2010: ''The (Free)EP'' (with Actual Proof)

2011: ''TP is my Hero'' (with TP)

2011: ''Spring Cleaning''(with Mike Schpitz)

Compilation & Remix Albums

2003: ''9th invented the Remix''

2003: ''God's Stepson'' - Nas (remix of Nas's album ''God's Son'')

2004: ''Black is Back'' - Jay-Z (Remix of Jay-Z's '' The Black Album'')

2005: ''The Remix EP'' (Remixed Songs of Smif-N-Wessun)

2009: ''Wonder Years - 9th Wonder Golden Years Remix LP''

2010: ''9th invented the Remix...Again''

2010: ''Loose Joints''

2010: ''Food for Thought''

Production

1997: "Night Riders" (remix ft. Aaliyah) - Boot Camp Clik

2002: Paper Gods - Cesar Comanche (produced 10 of 17 songs)

2003: "Make Your Move" - Hieroglyphics Full Circle

2003: "Threat" - Jay-Z ('' The Black Album'')

2004: '' Sleepers'' - Rapper Big Pooh (produced 6 of 14 songs)

2004: "Supa Love", "Don't Rush Me" - Jean Grae ('' This Week'')

2004: "Good Ol' Love" - Masta Ace (''A Long Hot Summer'')

2004: "Illuminate Part 1" (ft. Vursatyl) - Lightheaded (''Never Square'')

2004: "I See Now" (ft. Kanye West & Little Brother) - Consequence (''Take 'Em to the Cleaners'')

2004: " Girl", "Is She The Reason", "Free", "Game Over" - Destiny's Child (''Destiny Fulfilled'')

2004: "Church" - De La Soul featuring Spike Lee (''The Grind Date'')

2005: The Ripple Effect - Splash (produced 7 of 14 songs)

2005: Squirrel In The Aces - Cesar Comanche (produced 5 of 17 songs)

2005: "Carolina Agents" - Little Brother NBA 2K6: The Tracks

2005: Project Mayhem - L.E.G.A.C.Y. (produced 11 of 19 songs)

2005: "Good Woman Down" - Mary J. Blige (''The Breakthrough'')

2005: "Heartburn" - Sean Price (''Monkey Barz'')

2005: Wooden Nickels 1998–1999 Revisited - Cesar Comanche (produced 9 of 16 songs)

2005: "Smoke the Pain Away", "Alright" - Memphis Bleek ('' 534'')

2005: "Sugar" (ft. Mother Nature) & "Rain Sleet Hail Snow" - Beyond

2005: "Hey Young World Pt. 2" (ft. Phonte & Mystic) - Dave Ghetto (Love Life?)

2006: "Dreams" - Saigon (''The Return Of The Yardfather'')

2006: ''Separate But Equal'' - DJ Drama & Little Brother (produced 5 of 22 songs)

2006: "Live from Amsterdam" - Memphis Bleek

2006: ''Where's Calvin'' - Binky Fingers (produced 9 of 15 songs)

2006: ''Floe Almighty'' - Edgar Allen Floe (produced 5 of 12 songs)

2006: "Special" - Strange Fruit Project (''The Healing'')

2006: "Here We Come", "Take a Look (In the Mirror)", "So Focused" - Boot Camp Clik (''The Last Stand'')

2006: "One Night Stand" - Lloyd Banks ('' Rotten Apple'')

2006: "Instigator" - M.O.P. (''Ghetto Warfare'')

2007: "Brooklyn In My Mind" - "Crooklyn Dodgers" Single

2007: "Nowhere No More" - Eternia (''The Setup'')

2007: "P-Body", "Violent", "You Already Know", "Let It Be Known" - Sean Price (''Jesus Price Supastar'')

2007: "Median's Relief" - Median (produced 4 of 16 songs)

2007: "First They Love You" - Bishop Lamont featuring Prime and Indef (''N*gger Noise'')

2007: "I Just Want the Money" (ft. Bokey) - Bishop Lamont (''The Pope Mobile'')

2007: "I Need More" - Boot Camp Clik (''Casualties of War'')

2007: "Breakin' My Heart" (ft. Lil Wayne) - Little Brother (''Getback'')

2007: "Think Good Thoughts" (ft Phonte and Elzhi) - Drake (Comeback Season/"This Is Me")

2008: "Cold Success" - Jay Z & Coldplay ("Viva La Hova")

2008: "Honey" - Erykah Badu (''New Amerykah'')

2008: "Be prepared" - Akrobatik feat. Little Brother ('' Absolute Value'')

2008: "Here We Go" - DJ K.O. feat. East & Silent Knight (''Picture This'')

2008: "There You Go", "Water feat. Edgar Allen Floe & Lazurus" - Kooley High ("The Summer Sessions EP")

2008: "Do the Right Thang" - Ludacris feat. Common & Spike Lee (''Theater of the Mind'')

2008: "What Is", "So Far", "Shine" - Edgar Allen Floe (''The Streetwise LP'')

2008: "Left 4 Dead" - EPMD feat. Skyzoo (We Mean Business)

2008: "I'm Innocent", "Love and Appreciate II", "Breakthrough" - Murs (Murs for President)

2008: "On The Low" - Royce Da 5'9" The Album

2009: featured on The Boondocks soundtrack

2009: "Meet Me In The Zone" - MoeRoc (''Not The Average Joe (Street Album)''/Presidential MC (''forthcoming Album''))

2009: Die In Your Lap - Cesar Comanche (produced 5 of 15 songs)

2009: "Rear View Mirror" - Rapper Big Pooh (The Delightful Bars)

2009: "Wonder Why" (feat. Wale, Big Sean & Mike Posner), "Sum Ish For Dave" (feat. Haysoos) - Kenn Starr (''It's Still Real (mixtape)'')

2009: ''In The W.ide W.orld Of W.rap'' - E.Ness (produced 9 of 12 songs)

2009: "Do Remember", "We Are", "We Belong" - Skyzoo (''The Power Of Words'')

2009: ''The Salvation'' - Skyzoo (produced 5 of 16 songs)

2009: "Past Present Future" (feat. Melanie Fiona & Naledge) - KRS-One And Buckshot ("Survival Skills - Collaboration Album")

2009: "S.P.I.T." - David Banner & GQ (EA Sport NBA Live Mixtape)

2010: "Slow Down"- David Banner (Death Of Pop Star)

2010: "20 Feet Tall"- Erykah Badu (New Amerykah Part Two (Return of the Ankh))

2010: "X And Bill"- Sadat X-(Brand Nubian) Ft Ill Bill-(La Coka Nostra/Non Phixion) ("Wild Cowboys II")

2010: "Shinin" - Laws (4:57 PM)

2010: "Every" - Rapsody

2010: "Move On Em" (feat. Marvwon & Gotta Be Karim) - Vandalyzm ("Megatron Major Redux" mixtape)

2010: "Beast" - Wale

2010: "Actual Proof" - (The Free EP)

2010: "Entrapment" - Big Remo (produced 4 out of 16)

2010: "The Way We Feel" - Christopher Williams (Previously Unreleased)

2010: "Victoria's Secret" - Heather Victoria (produced 2 out of 14)

2010: "Return Of The B-Girl" - RapSody (produced 14 out of 20)

2010: "Light Beers Ahead Of You" - Sean Boog (produced 5 out of 22)

2011: "Talented Tenth" - Actual Proof (produced 5 out of 20)

2011: "Mahogany Experiment" - Tyler Woods (produced 13 out of 14)

2011: "Heat Writer 2" - HaLo (produced 4 out of 14)

2011: "Graffiti Diary" - Heather Victoria (produced 2 out of 13)

2011: "Phantom of the Jamla" - Sean Boog (produced 4 out of 16)

2011: "Robinhood Ree" - Big Remo (produced 8 out of 22)

2011: "Thank H.E.R. Now" - Rapsody (produced 10 out of 20)

2011: "Boy In Detention" - Chris Brown (produced 3 out of 21)

2011: "The Sender" - Median

2011: "Still Hotter Than July" - Actual Proof (produced 4 out of 20)

References

External links

9thwonder.com

9thwonderpresents.com

9th Wonder Interview @ dropmagazine.com

9th Wonder interview with ArtOfRhyme.com

The True School Co.

Category:American hip hop record producers Category:African American rappers Category:Southern hip hop musicians Category:North Carolina Central University alumni Category:Musicians from North Carolina Category:People from the Research Triangle, North Carolina Category:People from Winston-Salem, North Carolina Category:1975 births Category:Living people Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:Pseudonymous rappers Category:FL Studio users

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